German compound nouns and their article
However long the word gets, the last part decides.
German builds new nouns by gluing old ones together, and the article always comes from the last part. It is the most useful gender rule there is: one word you know gives its article to every word built on it.
The last word decides
Read a long noun from the end. Everything in front of the last word only says what kind it is; the last word carries the gender, and the plural with it.
- das Haus + die Tür = die Haustür
- die Hand + der Schuh = der Handschuh
- der Sommer + das Kleid = das Sommerkleid
- das Rad + der Weg = der Radweg
- die Kranken + das Haus = das Krankenhaus
- die Donau + das Dampfschiff + die Fahrt + die Gesellschaft = die Donaudampfschifffahrtsgesellschaft
The letters between the parts
German often puts an -s-, -n-, -es- or -er- between the two halves. It changes nothing about the article. The -s- is close to automatic after -ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft, -tät and -ion.
- -s-
- die Arbeit + die Zeit → die Arbeitszeit
- -s-
- die Wohnung + das Amt → das Wohnungsamt
- -n-
- die Straße + die Bahn → die Straßenbahn
- -es-
- der Tag + das Licht → das Tageslicht
- -er-
- das Kind + der Garten → der Kindergarten
- —
- der Tisch + die Decke → die Tischdecke
Words that only look like compounds
These are not compounds of the word they seem to contain, so their article does not come from it either.
- das Wort → die Antwort
- der Teil → das Urteil
- der Mut → die Armut
-mut goes both ways
Nothing in the word says which way, so this family is one to learn rather than work out.
- die Armut
- die Demut
- die Anmut
- die Wehmut
- die Schwermut
- die Großmut
- die Langmut
- die Sanftmut
- der Mut
- der Hochmut
- der Übermut
- der Unmut
- der Missmut
- der Freimut
- der Wankelmut